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Google Professional Machine Learning Engineer Sample Questions (Q37-Q42):

NEW QUESTION # 37
You work as an ML researcher at an investment bank and are experimenting with the Gemini large language model (LLM). You plan to deploy the model for an internal use case and need full control of the model's underlying infrastructure while minimizing inference time. Which serving configuration should you use for this task?

A. Deploy the model on a Vertex AI endpoint manually by creating a custom inference container.
B. Deploy the model on a Vertex AI endpoint using one-click deployment in Model Garden.
C. Deploy the model on a Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) cluster manually by creating a custom YAML manifest.
D. Deploy the model on a Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) cluster using the deployment options in Model Garden.

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 38
You are an ML engineer at a global car manufacturer. You need to build an ML model to predict car sales in different cities around the world. Which features or feature crosses should you use to train city-specific relationships between car type and number of sales?

A. Two feature crosses as a element-wise product the first between binned latitude and one-hot encoded car type, and the second between binned longitude and one-hot encoded car type
B. One feature obtained as an element-wise product between latitude, longitude, and car type
C. Three individual features binned latitude, binned longitude, and one-hot encoded car type
D. One feature obtained as an element-wise product between binned latitude, binned longitude, and one-hot encoded car type

Answer: C

NEW QUESTION # 39
You are developing a recommendation engine for an online clothing store. The historical customer transaction data is stored in BigQuery and Cloud Storage. You need to perform exploratory data analysis (EDA), preprocessing and model training. You plan to rerun these EDA, preprocessing, and training steps as you experiment with different types of algorithms. You want to minimize the cost and development effort of running these steps as you experiment. How should you configure the environment?

A. Create a Vertex Al Workbench user-managed notebook using the default VM instance, and use the %% bigquery magic commands in Jupyter to query the tables.
B. Create a Vertex Al Workbench managed notebook on a Dataproc cluster, and use the spark-bigquery- connector to access the tables.
C. Create a Vertex Al Workbench user-managed notebook on a Dataproc Hub. and use the %%bigquery magic commands in Jupyter to query the tables.
D. Create a Vertex Al Workbench managed notebook to browse and query the tables directly from the JupyterLab interface.

Answer: A

Explanation:
* Cost-effectiveness: User-managed notebooks in Vertex AI Workbench allow you to leverage pre- configured virtual machines with reasonable resource allocation, keeping costs lower compared to options involving managed notebooks or Dataproc clusters.
* Development flexibility: User-managed notebooks offer full control over the environment, allowing you to install additional libraries or dependencies needed for your specific EDA, preprocessing, and model training tasks. This flexibility is crucial while experimenting with different algorithms.
* BigQuery integration: The %%bigquery magic commands provide seamless integration with BigQuery within the Jupyter Notebook environment. This enables efficient querying and exploration of customer transaction data stored in BigQuery directly from the notebook, streamlining the workflow.
Other options and why they are not the best fit:
* B. Managed notebook: While managed notebooks offer an easier setup, they might have limited customization options, potentially hindering your ability to install specific libraries or tools.
* C. Dataproc Hub: Dataproc Hub focuses on running large-scale distributed workloads, and it might be overkill for your scenario involving exploratory analysis and experimentation with different algorithms.
Additionally, it could incur higher costs compared to a user-managed notebook.
* D. Dataproc cluster with spark-bigquery-connector: Similar to option C, using a Dataproc cluster with the spark-bigquery-connector would be more complex and potentially more expensive than using %% bigquery magic commands within a user-managed notebook for accessing BigQuery data.
References:
* https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/docs/workbench/instances/bigquery
* https://cloud.google.com/vertex-ai-notebooks

NEW QUESTION # 40
You are building an ML model to predict trends in the stock market based on a wide range of factors. While exploring the data, you notice that some features have a large range. You want to ensure that the features with the largest magnitude don't overfit the model. What should you do?

A. Standardize the data by transforming it with a logarithmic function.
B. Use a binning strategy to replace the magnitude of each feature with the appropriate bin number.
C. Apply a principal component analysis (PCA) to minimize the effect of any particular feature.
D. Normalize the data by scaling it to have values between 0 and 1.

Answer: D

Explanation:
The best option to ensure that the features with the largest magnitude don't overfit the model is to normalize the data by scaling it to have values between 0 and 1. This is also known as min-max scaling or feature scaling, and it can reduce the variance and skewness of the data, as well as improve the numerical stability and convergence of the model. Normalizing the data can also make the model less sensitive to the scale of the features, and more focused on the relative importance of each feature. Normalizing the data can be done using various methods, such as dividing each value by the maximum value, subtracting the minimum value and dividing by the range, or using the sklearn.preprocessing.MinMaxScaler function in Python.
The other options are not optimal for the following reasons:
* A. Standardizing the data by transforming it with a logarithmic function is not a good option, as it can distort the distribution and relationship of the data, and introduce bias and errors. Moreover, the logarithmic function is not defined for negative or zero values, which can limit its applicability and cause problems for the model.
* B. Applying a principal component analysis (PCA) to minimize the effect of any particular feature is not a good option, as it can reduce the interpretability and explainability of the data and the model. PCA is a dimensionality reduction technique that transforms the data into a new set of orthogonal features that capture the most variance in the data. However, these new features are not directly related to the original features, and can lose some information and meaning in the process. Moreover, PCA can be computationally expensive and complex, and may not be necessary for the problem at hand.
* C. Using a binning strategy to replace the magnitude of each feature with the appropriate bin number is not a good option, as it can lose the granularity and precision of the data, and introduce noise and outliers. Binning is a discretization technique that groups the continuous values of a feature into a finite number of bins or categories. However, this can reduce the variability and diversity of the data, and create artificial boundaries and gaps that may not reflect the true nature of the data. Moreover, binning can be arbitrary and subjective, and depend on the choice of the bin size and number.
References:
* Professional ML Engineer Exam Guide
* Preparing for Google Cloud Certification: Machine Learning Engineer Professional Certificate
* Google Cloud launches machine learning engineer certification
* Feature Scaling for Machine Learning: Understanding the Difference Between Normalization vs.
Standardization
* sklearn.preprocessing.MinMaxScaler documentation
* Principal Component Analysis Explained Visually
* Binning Data in Python

NEW QUESTION # 41
You work for a retail company. You have a managed tabular dataset in Vertex Al that contains sales data from three different stores. The dataset includes several features such as store name and sale timestamp. You want to use the data to train a model that makes sales predictions for a new store that will open soon You need to split the data between the training, validation, and test sets What approach should you use to split the data?

A. Use Vertex Al chronological split and specify the sales timestamp feature as the time vanable.
B. Use Vertex Al random split assigning 70% of the rows to the training set, 10% to the validation set, and
20% to the test set.
C. Use Vertex Al manual split, using the store name feature to assign one store for each set.
D. Use Vertex Al default data split.

Answer: D

Explanation:
The best option for splitting the data between the training, validation, and test sets, using a managed tabular dataset in Vertex AI that contains sales data from three different stores, is to use Vertex AI default data split.
This option allows you to leverage the power and simplicity of Vertex AI to automatically and randomly split your data into the three sets by percentage. Vertex AI is a unified platform for building and deploying machine learning solutions on Google Cloud. Vertex AI can support various types of models, such as linear regression, logistic regression, k-means clustering, matrix factorization, and deep neural networks. Vertex AI can also provide various tools and services for data analysis, model development, model deployment, model monitoring, and model governance. A default data split is a data split method that is provided by Vertex AI, and does not require any user input or configuration. A default data split can help you split your data into the training, validation, and test sets by using a random sampling method, and assign a fixed percentage of the data to each set. A default data split can help you simplify the data split process, and works well in most cases.
A training set is a subset of the data that is used to train the model, and adjust the model parameters. A training set can help you learn the relationship between the input features and the target variable, and optimize the model performance. A validation set is a subset of the data that is used to validate the model, and tune the model hyperparameters. A validation set can help you evaluate the model performance on unseen data, and avoid overfitting or underfitting. A test set is a subset of the data that is used to test the model, and provide the final evaluation metrics. A test set can help you assess the model performance on new data, and measure the generalization ability of the model. By using Vertex AI default data split, you can split your data into the training, validation, and test sets by using a random sampling method, and assign the following percentages of the data to each set1:

The other options are not as good as option B, for the following reasons:
* Option A: Using Vertex AI manual split, using the store name feature to assign one store for each set would not allow you to split your data into representative and balanced sets, and could cause errors or poor performance. A manual split is a data split method that allows you to control how your data is split into sets, by using the ml_use label or the data filter expression. A manual split can help you customize the data split logic, and handle complex or non-standard data formats. A store name feature is a feature that indicates the name of the store where the sales data was collected. A store name feature can help you identify the source of the data, and group the data by store. However, using Vertex AI manual split, using the store name feature to assign one store for each set would not allow you to split your data into representative and balanced sets, and could cause errors or poor performance. You would need to write code, create and configure the ml_use label or the data filter expression, and assign one store for each set. Moreover, this option would not ensure that the data in each set has the same distribution and characteristics as the data in the whole dataset, which could prevent you from learning the general pattern of the data, and cause bias or variance in the model2.
* Option C: Using Vertex AI chronological split and specifying the sales timestamp feature as the time variable would not allow you to split your data into representative and balanced sets, and could cause errors or poor performance. A chronological split is a data split method that allows you to split your data into sets based on the order of the data. A chronological split can help you preserve the temporal dependency and sequence of the data, and avoid data leakage. A sales timestamp feature is a feature that indicates the date and time when the sales data was collected. A sales timestamp feature can help you track the changes and trends of the data over time, and capture the seasonality and cyclicality of the data. However, using Vertex AI chronological split and specifying the sales timestamp feature as the time variable would not allow you to split your data into representative and balanced sets, and could cause errors or poor performance. You would need to write code, create and configure the time variable, and split the data by the order of the time variable. Moreover, this option would not ensure that the data in each set has the same distribution and characteristics as the data in the whole dataset, which could prevent you from learning the general pattern of the data, and cause bias or variance in the model3.
* Option D: Using Vertex AI random split, assigning 70% of the rows to the training set, 10% to the validation set, and 20% to the test set would not allow you to use the default data split method that is provided by Vertex AI, and could increase the complexity and cost of the data split process. A random split is a data split method that allows you to split your data into sets by using a random sampling method, and assign a custom percentage of the data to each set. A random split can help you split your data into representative and balanced sets, and avoid data leakage. However, using Vertex AI random split, assigning 70% of the rows to the training set, 10% to the validation set, and 20% to the test set would not allow you to use the default data split method that is provided by Vertex AI, and could increase the complexity and cost of the data split process. You would need to write code, create and
* configure the random split method, and assign the custom percentages to each set. Moreover, this option would not use the default data split method that is provided by Vertex AI, which can simplify the data split process, and works well in most cases1.
References:
* About data splits for AutoML models | Vertex AI | Google Cloud
* Manual split for unstructured data
* Mathematical split

NEW QUESTION # 42
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